Acute toxicity of lethal and sublethal concentrations of neonicotinoid, insect growth regulator and diamide insecticides on natural enemies of the woolly apple aphid and the obscure mealybug

Based on the importance of using low-risk compounds to protect beneficial agents, present study evaluated acute toxicity lethal and sublethal concentrations insecticides thiacloprid, pyriproxyfen, chlorantraniliprole adults Aphelinus mali (Haldeman), main parasitoid woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann). Similarly, acetamiprid, buprofezin, cyantraniliprole were Acerophagus flavidulus (Brethés) also larvae predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, both species important natural enemies obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret). Natural exposed insecticide residues minimum recommended rate (1x) between one four (0.5x, 0.25x, 0.1x 0.05x) leaves. Our results indicate that thiacloprid was moderately harmful A. at 1x, acetamiprid causing 100% mortality from 1x concentrations. Buprofezin, pyriproxyfen harmless or slightly for parasitoids. Cyantraniliprole 0.25x flavidulus. For C. montrouzieri, evaluated. montrouzieri. 1x. data suggest could be compatible with evaluated, while less parasitoids than predator. Finally, seems